Global expression of noncoding RNome reveals dysregulation of small RNAs in patients with HTLV-1–associated adult T-cell leukemia: a pilot study

Abstract Background Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by human lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), play pivotal role in the initiation and development of hematological malignancies may represent potential therapeutic target molecules. However, little known about how these molecules impact pathogenesis ATLL. In this study, we aimed to identify sRNA expression signatures associated with ATLL investigate their implication pathophysiology disease. Methods Small-RNAseq analysis was performed blood mononuclear cells from HTLV-1- ( n = 10) comparison asymptomatic carriers 8) healthy controls 5). Sequencing carried out using Illumina MiSeq platform, deregulation selected miRNAs validated real-time PCR. Pathway analyses most deregulated miRNA were global profiling combined transcriptome data Results The sequencing identified specific sRNAs patients that pathways relevant ATLL, such as transforming growth factor-(βTGF-β), Wnt, p53, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Network revealed several regulating highly connected genes within transcriptome. miR-451-3p downregulated active patients. Conclusions Our findings shed light on HTLV-1 which promising candidates biomarkers help monitor disease activity.